sent a political dilemma of the highest order
and there are few easy answers.
For this reason, the second imperative is to
pursue action in areas of activity in which economic prosperity, national security and environmental integrity come together. Using
public money for green-energy infrastructure
and for energy-efficiency improvements
would not only help reduce greenhouse-gas
emissions, but also guide the path towards
economic recovery and energy security.
There are some who argue that it is not the
role of government to stimulate investment
in new energy industries. But governments
have been doing this for decades and with
great success. The UK offshore oil and gas
industry was created from virtually nothing
during the 1970s and 1980s due, in part, to
generous tax incentives and government
help to build strategic infrastructure. There
is an even greater cause for government intervention today because climate-change
mitigation is a public good that would not
otherwise be recognised by the free market.
Given this need for greater government
intervention, the third imperative is for politicians to rethink the state’s role in energy
markets. The market is the most effective
delivery system available to society, but it
needs strategic direction and a framework of
rules if it is to provide the more diversified
energy infrastructure that we urgently need.
And in troubled economic times, it is
important that the government has a hand
in directing financial resources to projects
where they are urgently needed. In April the
UK’s Chancellor of the Exchequer, Alistair
Darling, announced £525m of support for
offshore wind facilities that has been immediately successful in unlocking projects worth
a combined 3000 M W.
The fourth, and final, imperative is that
politicians must seek a global solution to cli-
mate change. The immediate battle against
climate change will be mostly waged in the
developing world. In the next decade, op-
portunities to reduce emissions in develop-
ing countries represent two-thirds of the
global potential. What is more, this could be
achieved at half the cost of action in the
developed world.
What these four imperatives point to is a
new direction for government policy in response to climate change. In previous years
energy policy has been judged by two metrics: security and cost. To this we must now
add a third: low-carbon generation.
The impact of this will affect every sector
of the UK economy – from agriculture to
finance, and from software management to
civil engineering. It may feel a lot like stepping into the unknown but humanity has
thrived in those moments where it has most
pushed itself. For this generation, the task
remains to bridge the gap between the scientifically possible and the politically feasible.
What the politicians say
Climate change cannot be tackled by politicians
on their own but through politicians and people
working together
Ed Miliband, Secretary of State for Energy and
Climate Change
No other major European country generates less
of its electricity from renewables [than the UK],
although we have some of the best wind, wave and
tidal resources in Europe
Greg Clark, Shadow Secretary of State for Energy
and Climate Change
Developing our renewables as quickly as possible
must be the highest energy priority
Simon Hughes, Liberal Democrat Shadow
Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change
Lord Browne of Madingley is President
of the Royal Academy of Engineering.
A physicist by training, he is also a
former chief executive of BP
1
2
1.0079
0.090
-252.87
Hydrogen
H1
6.941
0.54
180.5
Lithium
Li 3
9.0122
1.85
1287
Beryllium
Be 4
22.990
0.97
97.7
Sodium
Na 11
24.305
1.74
650
Magnesium
Mg 12
39.098
0.86
63. 4
Potassium
K 19
40.078
1. 55
842
Calcium
Ca 20
85.468
1. 53
39. 3
Rubidium
Rb 37
87.62
2. 63
777
Strontium
Sr 38
132.91
1.88
28. 4
Caesium
Cs 55
137.33
3. 51
727
Barium
Ba 56
[223]
–
–
Francium
Fr 87
[226]
5.0
700
Radium
Ra 88
57-70
*
89-102
**
METALS & ALLOYS
Standard
Catalogue Items
Element Name
Symbol
Atomic weight
Density
M.pt./ B.pt. (˚C)
Atomic
No.
June 2006
13
14
15
16
Solids & Liquids (g/cm3) Gases(g/l) ;
Melting point (Solids & Liquids) • Boiling point (Gases) ;
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
17
18
83.80
3.733
-153.22
Krypton
Kr 36
20.180
0.900
-246.08
Neon
Ne 10
39.948
1.784
-185.85
Argon
Ar 18
4.0026
0.177
-268.93
Helium
He 2
131.29
5.887
-108.05
Xenon
Xe 54
[222]
9.73
- 61.85
0Radon
Rn 86
**Actinoids
www.advent-rm.com
Advent Research Materials Ltd • Eynsham • Oxford • England OX29 4JA
138.91
6.146
920
Lanthanum
La 57
140.12
6.689
795
Cerium
Ce 58
140.91
6. 64
935
Praseodymium
Pr 59
144.24
6.80
1024
Neodymium
Nd 60
[145]
7.264
1100
Promethium
Pm 61
150.36
7.353
1072
Samarium
Sm 62
151.96
5.244
826
Europium
Eu 63
157.25
7.901
1312
Gadolinium
Gd 64
158.93
8.219
1356
Terbium
Tb 65
162.50
8.551
1407
Dysprosium
Dy 66
164.93
8.795
1461
Holmium
Ho 67
167.26
9.066
1497
Erbium
Er 68
168.93
9.321
1545
Thulium
Tm 69
173.04
6. 57
824
Ytterbium
Yb 70
[227]
10.07
1050
Actinium
Ac 89
232.04
11.72
1842
Thorium
Th 90
231.04
15. 37
1568
Protactinium
Pa 91
238.03
19.05
1132
Uranium
U 92
[237]
20. 45
637
Neptunium
Np 93
[244]
19.816
639
Plutonium
Pu 94
[243]
–
1176
Americium
Am 95
[247]
13. 51
1340
Curium
Cm 96
[247]
14.78
986
Berkelium
Bk 97
[251]
15. 1
900
Californium
Cf 98
[252]
–
860
Einsteinium
Es 99
[257]
–
1527
Fermium
Fm 100
[258]
–
827
Mendelevium
Md 101
[259]
–
827
Nobelium
No 102
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*Lanthanoids
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